Historical source transcription

THE SYNONYMOUS WORDS USED FOR " SIN ", “ WICKEDNESS ", " EVIL ", " UNGODLINESS ", " DISOBEDIENCE ", " TRANSGRESSION ", ETC.

I. SIN

i. The Verb.

hamartano = to miss the mark or aim; then, to miss or wander from the right path; to go, or do, wrong.

ii. The Noun.

1. hamartia = a failing to hit the mark; aberration from prescribed law (connected with and resulting from the above). In N.T. always in a moral sense = a sin, whether by omission or commission, in thought, word, or deed. Also used in connection with the sin-offering (Heb. 10:6, 8, 18; 13:11, as in Ps. 40:6, cp. Lev. 5:8).

2. hamartema = the actual sin. The evil principle in action; the sinful act or deed.

3. paraptoma = a falling aside, when one should have stood upright. Hence (morally) a fall, a falling aside from truth and equity; a fault, or trespass.

In Romans 5:12, No. 1 entered the world. The disobedience of Adam ( vv. 15, 17, 18) was No. 3, and the law entered that No. 3 which before was error, might become criminal in the knowledge of the sinner. After this, where No. 1 abounded, grace did much more abound.

II. WICKEDNESS

1. poneria = depravity; iniquity, the wicked acting of the evil nature. See No. III. 1 below.

2. kakia = depravity, the vicious disposition and desires, rather than the active exercise of them, which is No. 1 ( poneria ).

III. EVIL (Adj. and Noun).

1. poneros = full of labors and pains in working mischief; evil intent (Matt. 12:39. Luke 11:29); grudging, in connection with the idea expressed in the "evil eye" (Matt. 6:23; 20:15. See the context, and cp. Luke 11:13).

2. kakos = depraved, bad in nature. Cp. No. II. 2.

3. anomos = lawless, contempt of law.

4. anomia = lawlessness.

5. athesmos = breaking through all restraints of ordinances or institutes, divine or human, to gratify one's lusts. Occurs only in 2Pet. 2:7; 3:17.

IV. UNGODLINESS

asebeia = impiety, absence of "the fear of God", having no reverence for sacred things; irreligious. Sept. for pasha '. Ap. 44. ix.

V. DISOBEDIENCE, ETC.

1. apeitheia = unwillingness to be persuaded, leading to obstinacy.

2. parakoe = unwillingness to hear, disobedient.

VI. TRANSGRESS, TRANSGRESSOR.

1. parabaino = to step on one side, overstep, go aside from, violate, transgress.

2. parerchomai = to go past, pass by, neglect.

3. parabates, one who steps aside, or oversteps.

VII. INIQUITY

1. adikia = unrighteousness, wrongdoing.

2. adikema = a wrong done.

3. paranomia = acting contrary to law or custom. Occ. only in 2 Pet. 2:16.

VIII. ERR, ERROR

1. planao = to cause to wander or go astray; used of doctrinal error and religious deceit. Cp. planos 1Tim. 4:1, "seducing").

2. apoplanao. No. 1 with apo = away from, prefixed (Ap. 104. iv). In Pass., to go astray from, swerve. Occ. only in Mark 13:22 and 1Tim. 6:10.

3. astocheo = to deviate from. Occ. only in 1Tim. 1:6; 6:21. 2Tim. 2:18.

IX. FAULT

hettema = a diminishing of that which should have been rendered in full measure; diminution, decrease. Occ. in Rom. 11:12 and 1Cor. 6:7.